The kinds of action: the method of interpretation

All this is described in the sacred books; and qualities and causes of things are personified and given separate names, which are intended to explain certain efforts. This is how we get an account of Jyotishtoma, which refers to ray of light, and is based on scientific knowledge.

Classification of efforts: The text of the Vedas is so composed that the same sounds (that is words, syllables or letters) have the same meaning; and that tells us that certain efforts should be regarded as primary; while others, not connected with a sacrifice or a great and good action, as secondary; because that is how they have been differentiated. Efforts which are between these two, should be regarded as neutral. This is the normal division of efforts, - because that is the character of their impelling force - and it requires no explanation. The effort that is said to occupy a middlemost place has, however, a special meaning. A neutral effort is obviously one that is devoid of any special object to be achieved; and so it may be said to be a disinterested effort; and that, as the Bhagavad Gita tells us, is of the essence of the idea of sacrifice, enabling us to act and yet be free from the taint or bondage of action.

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Action and Purification: the method of interpretation

Action and purification: The highest form of action is not only to purify the actor, but also the material objects used in connection with it; and if we study the Vedas properly, we shall find, as a result, that this is the explanation of their real meaning.

But action does not begin with the object of purification, although that is its end, and the most important one. This however, does not apply to occasional or accidental action, which arises in a very different way; and it may or may not contain the idea of purification. We cannot say that this is true of all kinds of actions, because the purpose of deliberate and accidental actions is different.

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Action, purpose and sacrifice: the method of interpretation

There is no fixed time or place for action; but all purpose is governed by a law, according to which the purpose of action is not so much the attainment of material objects, as perfection or purification.

Sacrifice means the association together of action, a proper person and a deity; and the same idea is expressed by the word Juhoti. Dana or charity is connected with the idea of renunciation. It is a law that when one action ends, another begins. It is action that creates, and so is linked up with a purpose.

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